Content:
The reliability of Swedish Scania vehicles has been appreciated in the world. Reliable and convenient, they are very economical and easy to maintain, although they sometimes require replacement of consumables and repairs, like other equipment.
In the conditions of the off-road and harsh climate, it is not easy even for good-quality Swedish cars. During their operation, the most vulnerable units and parts were identified, and detailed recommendations were developed that will extend the service life of the vehicle.
Scania repair manual: maintenance
Most often, the upper oil seals of the power steering and the steering column shaft fail. The next most common breakdown is the clutch caliper. Poor quality fuel leads to breakdown of the pumping pump. The front wheel hub bearings are highly vulnerable, while the rear ones have a much longer service life.
Car maintenance does not require much time and after 25 thousand km of run it involves checking the oil level and lubricating the pins, spring pins and the SSU.
Timely oil change and the use of high-quality brands will increase the engine's service life. During low winter temperatures, experts recommend using a semi-synthetic oil. In the summer, you can use a cheaper mineral. This alternation will save both the cost of oils and the cost of fuel.
Scania workshop manual: engines
The company produces 20 types of engines with a volume of 9-16 liters and a capacity of 230 - 730 liters. with. and a moment of force 1050 - 3500 N * m.
Scania has developed a design of motors with a piston group of f = 127 mm, equipped with dividing heads with four valves and electronically controlled nozzles. This design has become common for all Scania diesel engines, which significantly reduced their cost and simplified repairs by reducing components.
All engines are electronically controlled by the cooling system. The required oil temperature is maintained by a heat exchanger in the lubrication system.
The first diesel engines of the Euro-2 level have long been replaced by electronically controlled injector systems, and the latest models by the Common Rail system, which allows them to be brought to the Euro-6 level. These systems are very sensitive to the quality of fuel; therefore, cars are equipped with a sediment filter that allows you to clean the diesel fuel from impurities.
Scania workshop manual: operating Scania engines at low temperatures
The first tractors were equipped with 220 V electric heating systems for the engine. However, in practice, it was far from always possible to find an outlet for connecting the system. Modern autonomous heaters installed in cabins have a power of 2-4 kW.
It happened that while the engine was idling, the condensate deposited on the boost heat exchangers crystallized, stopping the air supply, or even got into the turbine cavity, causing its breakdown. To prevent this malfunction, it was initially recommended to cover the intercooler with a polyurethane plate, and now a special curtain is included in the basic package.
For the harsh conditions, the designers made a number of changes, which made it possible to adapt the cars to operation at low temperatures. The use of a special design of the air intake protects the air filter from clogging. Also, the position of the outlet pipe of the crankcase ventilation system has been changed so that condensate does not freeze in it.
Taking into account the poor quality of fuel and the difficult operating conditions, it was initially recommended to change the engine oil every 30 thousand km, and later the interval between the t / s was increased to 45 thousand km.
Scania P, G, R, S series WorkshopManual – Dismantling information Download
Scania P, G, R, T series WorkshopManual – Batteries Download
Scania P, G, R, T series WorkshopManual – DrainingAxles Download
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Scania P440 B8x4HZ wielton body
I tested a new generation Scania P440 B8x4HZ dump truck with a Wielton body for the transportation of nonmetallic materials with a volume of 20 m3 and a carrying capacity of up to 30 tons on various roads and calibrated slopes of the Dmitrovsky auto testing ground. I got a lot of adrenaline and positive emotions, but I should figure out why.
Frame superstructure
The designers were faced with a difficult task to ensure high indicators of technically permissible axial loads, and, as a consequence, carrying capacity, while they wanted to minimize the vehicle's own weight. As a result of the calculations, a frame with side members measuring 270x90 mm, 9.5 mm thick with additional inserts 8 mm thick was obtained.
The closing cross member of the frame is a rectangular profile with a wall thickness of 8 mm.
The design of the Wielton tipper body with a bottom made of Hardox HB 450 steel with a thickness of 8 mm made it possible to reduce the own weight of the superstructure without loss of strength, the thickness of the walls made of S700 steel was 6 mm. The front wall is straight with an anti-shattering visor. The tailgate is inclined with forced fixation, an awning with a winch is provided, and they did not forget about the possibility of heating the body with exhaust gases. The tipper body is equipped with a HYVA Alfa hydraulic system: the lift angle of 48 is limited by a pneumatic valve. The temperature of the exhaust gases, according to the designers, is sufficient to heat the dump body, therefore, a splitter and a damper in the exhaust tract were provided.
Link to the road
The transmission and undercarriage with two of the four driving axles are capable of withstanding fifty technically permissible tons at the hitch. Front steered axles with a carrying capacity of 9 tons each, on four-leaf parabolic springs, with anti-roll bars. Rear axles with a carrying capacity of 16 tons on multi-leaf springs 8x30 90. The final drives of the drive axles are made with helical gearing to reduce noise. All bridges are traditionally of their own production, originally from Sweden. The gear ratio of the main pair is 4.38.
A little about the brake system. Drum wheel brakes on all axles, an uphill starting assist system were not provided in this configuration, but the traction control system was included in the list of equipment.
Driving force with new injection
The test dump truck was equipped with an engine a strong "middling" of the new generation, but without any special frills. Meet the DC13 153, an inline, six-cylinder, 5 eco-class with 440 hp. at 1900 rpm, with a maximum torque of 2300 Nm in the range 1000-1300 rpm. The inline diesel "six" of the fifth ecological class is equipped with a PDE injection system and an SCR exhaust gas aftertreatment system with synthetic urea injection.
I will dwell on this fuel injection system in more detail. The PDE unit injectors provide high pressure at the very moment at which it is necessary to deliver fuel. The pressure in each cylinder is controlled individually. The same is the case with the unit injectors, the pressure control during injection is carried out individually. Therefore, there is no need to centralize the high pressure pump and complex piping to supply fuel to the injectors.